My Blog – Page 8 – Fertilizer Equipment

Ways To Use The Poultry Manure Composting Machine

The poultry manure composting machine will give you a cost-effective strategy to produce compost out of poultry manure. This machine speeds up the aerobic composting time to help you spend less money and then sell on more compost and fertilizer. Without the machine, it takes quite a long time to produce the compost, thus it really pays to purchase a composting machine. Continue reading to understand the advantages of employing a composting machine.

Upon having your compost you can sell the compost or you can transform it into fertilizer. Fertilizer is very popular at the moment and is particularly a wonderful time to get started on producing poultry manure fertilizer because the cost of it keeps increasing. Since the price of the fertilizer is on the rise you must start producing it so you can earn more money.

There are numerous benefits to buying this machine as well as the pricing is very economical. You get a lot for your investment and the machine will produce plenty of compost for you. The equipment turns the compost over so it ferments faster and then you can start producing the fertilizer.

The compost must be converted into pellets and once the compost is changed into pellets {you will end up having quality fertilizer. Fertilizer is indeed popular now and everybody is going to want to purchase it, therefore, you won’t need to worry about difficulties with the inability to sell this product. There is a great deal of choices and you ought to invest some time and choose the appliance for poultry manure processing that will be the ideal for your requirements.

Fertilizer is commonly used to produce crops grow better and there exists a shortage of it at this time. So when you are making your own you realize it will be easy to sell it since there is this sort of huge requirement for it. There are plenty of individuals who need fertilizer at this time and it is an excellent product to make.

Movable compost turner ferment the poultry manure effectively and flexibly.

The professional poultry litter composter is going to take the manure and turn it into fertilizer without difficulty. The cost of the machine is reasonable and it will be exported to any country therefore you won’t possess any problems receiving the machine. The manufacturer can help you every step of the way. They can help you pick a machine and they can support you with the installation and training as well. In addition they can offer you great after-sales service if you need the help of them in the future.

The equipment is easy to use so you won’t need a lot of workers to operate the equipment either. The appliance is made from the best steel and the components are also very high quality. The device was designed to last so you won’t need to spend a lot of time repairing the appliance. Click here for more information about poultry manure composting

This compost machine an help you process all of your current poultry manure so you can quickly change it into compost and then make money. If you want to earn money selling fertilizer the compost machine is a good choice. And you can get it from https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/poultry-manure-composting-process/

Common Methods For Cow Dung Treatment

With the development of cow breeding industry, cattle littter dispoal has been a difficulty for farm owners. There are two methods are commonly used by them for cow waste management.

Build a digester

In recent years, through the construction of biogas digesters to treat cow dung, it not only solves the fuel source of the masses, but also makes the cow dung fully decomposed. The residue and liquid of biogas are good organic fertilizers, which can improve the yield and quality of fruits and vegetables.

Cow dung organic fertilizer making system for sale

Converting cow crap into organic fertilizer

Dry cow dung contains 10%–20% crude protein, 1%–3% crude fat, 20%–30% nitrogen-free extract, 15%–30% crude fiber, so it has high nutrients. Organic fertilizer produced by cow dung compost can loosen soil, improve soil compaction, chelate trace elements in the soil, and improve soil fertility. Click here for concrete process of cow dung organic fertilizer production

Using cow dung as raw material to produce organic fertilizer has characteristics of low cost, relatively stable quality and large market sales space. However, the traditional method of composting not only has a slow fermentation speed, but also cannot make the cow dung fully decomposed. After being applied to the farmland, “secondary fermentation” is prone to occur, resulting in the phenomenon of burning roots and seedlings. Here, you need a organic fertilizer composting machine. It will turn cow litter regularly to facilitate aerobic fermentation. In 15 to 20 days, it can help you finish the deodorization, fermentation, insecticide and sterilization of cow dung. The fermented organic fertilizer has good fertilizer efficiency, is safe and convenient to use, will not cause burning of roots and seedlings, and can also improve soil fertility and improve the utilization rate of cattle manure.

Through the above comparison, we can clearly understand that the value of cow dung organic fertilizer is much higher than that of untreated raw cow dung. So making cow dung into organic fertilizer is an good choice for you. If you need more details, you can check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/cow-dung-fertilizer-machine/

Process of High Quality Bio Fertilizer Manufacturing

There are a large number of beneficial microorganisms in bio-organic fertilizers, which can decompose organic matter in the soil, increase the aggregate structure of the soil, and improve the soil composition. Microbes multiply very fast in the soil, they are like an invisible web, intricate and intricate. After the microbial cells die, many tiny pipes are left in the soil. These tiny pipes not only increase the air permeability of the soil, but also make the soil fluffy and soft, and the nutrients and water are not easily lost, which increases the soil water storage and fertilization. Ability to avoid and eliminate soil compaction. So many people start investing in bio fertilizer making plant.
The beneficial microorganisms in the bio-organic fertilizer can also inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, so that we can use less pesticides. If applied for many years, it can effectively inhibit soil harmful organisms, save labor, money, and no pollution.

However, when using the bio-organic fertilizer production line to make fertilizer, it must be thoroughly fermented and decomposed, so that the pathogenic bacteria and eggs in poultry manure such as cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure can be effectively eliminated, and the nutrients in the manure can also be decomposed into small molecular substances that can be directly absored and utilized by plant . The specific bio-organic fertilizer manufacturing technologies is as follows:
1. Adjust the initial moisture content of the bio-organic fertilizer fermentation material to about 60%. When the humidity is too high, straw, slag, cake, etc. can be added. The fermentation inoculum can be fully mixed with fine powder materials such as rice bran in advance and then scattered on the surface of the fermentation material pile. If the particle size of the auxiliary materials is too long or too large, it may wind up the turning gear of the bio fertilizer turning equipment in the later stage, causing turning over. Problems such as uneven heap or reduced work efficiency can be crushed with the help of special crushing equipment for straw.
2. During bio fertilizer fermentation, the temperature is controlled between 50~70°C and maintained for at least 7~10 days. This temperature refers to the temperature in the mid-temperature stage of bio-organic fertilizer fermentation. When the temperature of the heap continues to rise, it is necessary to use the bio-organic fertilizer turner to turn the heap, which can not only control the internal temperature, but also speed up the heap. Body water evaporates quickly. This is also an effective method to increase the internal porosity and avoid the anaerobic reaction of hypoxia to produce odor. Turn the heap every 2 to 3 days. The specific temperature of the heap is used as the standard. When the temperature begins to drop and continues to drop, stop turning the heap and let it stand for about a week to decompose before fertilizing. Click here to know more about bio fertilizer production

3. After composting, in order to increase the nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer and improve the commerciality, a certain amount of N, P, and K can be added, and after mixing evenly with a horizontal mixer, granulation is carried out, so that the nutrients can be locked evenly and consistently. Among the particles, the phenomenon of uneven distribution is avoided. When the output is small, the dry granulator can be used for granulation, the granulation effect is good, the hardness is moderate, and the drying and cooling links can be omitted in the later stage; when the output is large, the SX rotary drum granulator can be used for granulation. granules, the ball formation rate is as high as 90%.
4. After granulation, screener and coater are used to further improve the appearance of the product. The particle size is consistent and the appearance is glossy, which attracts the attention of consumers. The higher the “face value” and “quality” of organic fertilizers, the higher the performance of the product, and the price will naturally increase. higher.
5. Packaging, the finished organic fertilizers are packaged in bags using a quantitative weighing packaging machine, and then they can be sold.

If you are interested in bio fertilizer making, you can check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/rotary-drum-granulator-machine/ for more details

How To Dispose of Animal Waste

Regarding the issue of livestock and poultry manure resources, General Secretary Xi Jinping said: Accelerating the disposal and recycling of livestock and poultry breeding waste is related to the production and living environment of more than 600 million rural residents, related to the rural energy revolution, and whether it can continuously improve soil fertility and manage agricultural aspects. Source pollution is a great deed that benefits the country and the people in the long run.

Han Changfu pointed out that at present, five major actions have been carried out for rural environmental protection, namely, livestock and poultry manure control actions, fruit and vegetable tea organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers, straw treatment actions in Northeast China, aquatic organisms protection actions focusing on the Yangtze River, and agricultural film. Recycling action.

In the livestock and poultry manure control action, Han Changfu said that our goal is: “After five years of hard work, the manure of large-scale farms across the country can be used in a harmless and resourceful manner.

We must conscientiously implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech, and resolutely complete the hard task of resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure with more solid, powerful and effective actions, and provide strong support for the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the construction of a beautiful China.
So how to make reasonable use of livestock and poultry manure? It is a good choice to use organic fertilizer equipment to make organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure. The following are the detailed steps:

First, the organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw are fully fermented and decomposed, and then the fermented and decomposed materials are further processed and made into pellets, which are convenient for use and storage. Click here to know more

The following equipment will be used in animal manure fertilizer making:

1. Fermentation and compost equipment: There are many types of fermentation stackers, chain plate stacker, trough stacker, mobile stacker, crawler stacker, forklift stacker, you can do it by yourself choose, you can also consult us, we will recommend the appropriate model equipment for you.

2. Pulverizing equipment: new semi-wet material pulverizer, vertical pulverizer and horizontal pulverizer, the internal structure has chain type and hammer type. Even if the material is pulled out of the water and crushed, it will not block.

3. Mixing equipment: including vertical mixer, horizontal mixer, double shaft mixer, drum mixer, etc. The internal stirring structure is divided into stirring blade type, spiral type and so on.
Design a suitable stirring structure according to the characteristics of the material. The discharge port is designed for cylinder control and baffle control.

4. Conveying equipment: belt conveyor, mobile belt conveyor, fixed belt conveyor, etc. Belt conveyor is an indispensable economical logistics conveying equipment to form a rhythmic assembly line. It has strong conveying capacity and conveying distance. It has the advantages of long distance, simple structure, easy maintenance, and convenient implementation of programmed control and automatic operation.

5. Granulation making equipment: special granulator for organic fertilizer – including disc granulator, new type of organic fertilizer granulator, rounder, drum granulator, etc. According to the characteristics of raw materials, choose the appropriate granulator.

Complete animal manure processing machines

6. Drying and cooling equipment: rotary dryer, biological organic fertilizer dryer, because the temperature of organic fertilizer cannot exceed 80°, so our dryer adopts hot air drying mode.

7. Cooler: Similar in appearance to the dryer, but different in material and performance.

8. Coating equipment: Particle coating machine – the main body is similar in appearance to the dryer and cooler, but the internal structure is very different. The inside of the coating machine is made of stainless steel plate or polypropylene lining.

9. Automatic packaging equipment: automatic metering packaging machine – including single head and double head, materials are stainless steel and carbon steel, and can customize according to the actual needs of customers.

If you are worried about animal manure disposal, you can check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/how-to-manage-poultry-waste/ for quality equipment.

How To Make Organic Fertilizer At A Low Cost

The use of animal manure to process organic fertilizer is a new industry. Such industries are supported by national policies, sought after by market funds, and their products are welcomed by growers. Such hot products are divided into powder organic fertilizer production lines and granular organic fertilizer production lines. Whether it is powder or granule, it is divided into three categories according to the output: large, medium and small organic fertilizer production lines. Today, I will talk about the powder organic fertilizer making line in detail.

Process for making powdery organic fertilizer production line

The powder organic fertilizer preparation line has the advantages of simple equipment and process, convenient operation of the production line, low investment cost, convenient maintenance and so on. As the pre-process of granular organic fertilizer production line, the process of powder organic fertilizer production line is simply crushing, fermentation and packaging. The organic fertilizer fermentation equipment used in this set of organic fertilizer production lines is aerobic fermentation bacteria, which has the characteristics of fast heating, good deodorization effect, and thorough decomposing. It is suitable for static fermentation and dynamic fermentation mode, and can effectively treat livestock and poultry manure and Solid organic matter, such as crop straw, straw, pine husk, peanut husk, rice bran, sawn wood, leaves, mushroom leftovers, medicinal residue, sugar mash, distiller’s grains, bagasse, monosodium glutamate residue, furfural residue, protein and The crude fiber is rapidly heated, deodorized, sterilized and decomposed. Constant temperature control for about 15 days can completely kill viruses, germs, insect eggs, and weed seeds, and achieve harmless treatment, so as to effectively curb the occurrence of soil diseases and insect pests and reduce the amount of pesticides. Click here to learn more

For such a simple powder organic fertilizer production procedure. There are many raw materials available for making powdered organic fertilizer. Livestock and poultry manure, domestic garbage, Chinese medicine residue, sludge, etc. SX provides free organic fertilizer technology and plant planning, equipment installation, technical guidance, and complete after-sales service. Equipment required for powdered organic fertilizers turners, screening machines, pulverizers, silos, packaging machines. It can also be designed for you according to your capital, space, and degree of automation. tens of thousands. Hundreds of thousands can do it. If you want to invest tens of thousands of yuan to make powdered organic fertilizer, you only need a compost turner to work. Generally, there are two types of compost turners; ground walking compost turners and trench compost turners. The ground walking type compost turner uses diesel oil, which requires a full-time driver to operate, and does not require civil construction. It can be used directly after delivery. The trough type compost turner has a small footprint, a large workload, energy saving and environmental protection, high automation performance, remote control and manual control, and one machine with multiple troughs.

The main product form of the powder organic fertilizer production line is presented in powder form, and the active ingredients account for more than 90%. It is a high-quality organic fertilizer. If you are interested in it, you can check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/powdery-organic-fertilizer-production-line/ to learn more

Things You Must Know In Cow Dung Organic Fertilizer Making

What you need to pay attention to in the production process of cow dung organic fertilizer:
First of all, the location of the cow dung organic fertilizer plant is very critical. It is close to the raw materials. The raw materials of organic fertilizers are generally obtained locally. If the supply of raw materials is guaranteed through long-term transportation, the cost will increase a lot.

After the cow dung enters the fermentation tank and starts to ferment, it is necessary to observe the moisture and temperature of the cow dung at any time during the fermentation, control the changes of the raw materials in time, and make timely treatment. Use the organic fertilizer fermentation turning machine to turn the heap to ensure the uniform and full fermentation of the cow dung. Fermentation bacteria can be added during fermentation to speed up the aerobic fermentation, but it is not recommended to add other biological bacteria during this period, because the temperature of the material is very high during fermentation, and many beneficial bacteria cannot withstand high temperatures. Click here to know more
After the cow dung is fermented, it is sent by the conveyor to the forklift silo for use. This silo is generally equipped with a speed regulation function, which can well control the feeding speed of the rear lingering equipment. After coming out of the silo, it enters the mixer. At this time, some auxiliary materials can be added to the raw materials. Generally, we recommend designing two mixers, one for mixing and one for discharging. After the material is stirred evenly, it need to be crushed. The organic fertilizer crusher is not the same as the general crusher. Since we need the material to maintain a certain amount of moisture, the crusher should use a semi-wet material crusher. 20%-50%, fully capable of crushing our organic fertilizer raw materials.

Granulation affects the forming effect of the entire cow dung fertilizer production line, so the choice of granulator is very important. According to the different raw materials, the models we want to use are also different. For example, we use cow dung as the raw material of organic fertilizer, and add some other organic substances (straw, sawdust, etc.) appropriately, we reommend you use organic fertilizert stirring teeth granulator, this model uses the match between the stirring teeth and the cylinder wall to force the fertilizer material into granules, and it is better for some livestock and poultry manures with relatively thick fibers.
Another thing to pay attention to is drying. We all know that organic fertilizer needs to add certain biological bacteria, but too high temperature will kill and reduce the survival of biological bacteria, so temperature control is very important.
If the output of cow dung organic fertilizer is large, we generally recommend adding drying equipment and lowering the temperature to ensure the survival of biological bacteria. It is also possible to consider adding a coating cylinder after drying to directly wrap biological bacteria on the surface of the material.

If you want to learn more about cow dung fertilizer making, please check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/how-to-make-organic-fertilizer-from-cow-dung/

Why Fermentation Tank Is Suitable Organic Fertilizer Compost

Fermentation tank is a manure treatment integrated organic fertilizer equipment, which can operate automatically, continuously and quickly obtain environmentally friendly organic fertilizer, and turn waste into treasure. The manure fermentation tank uses polyurethane as the insulation layer, which is less affected by the outside world and can be used for fermentation all year round, ensuring the sustainable development of large-scale farms. The integrated organic fertilizer fermentation machine has the characteristics of humanized structure design, convenient operation, stable transmission, low noise, long life, land saving, safety and environmental protection.

Fermentation tank structure :
The fermenter of the manure treatment is a vertical closed tank structure. The whole fermentation tank structure is divided into three parts: the upper part is composed of a wind and rain shelter, a testing platform and an exhaust facility. Ancillary equipment includes automatic tipping bucket elevator, exhaust gas filtration system and other devices. There is an insulation layer filled with polyurethane foaming agent in the middle (the thickness can be customized according to different regional environments), and the outer wall is made of thickened steel plate to support the tank. The lower base part is distributed with hydraulic station, fan and large thrust hydraulic mixing shaft. The middle part is a double-layer thermal insulation tank, an equipment automatic control system, a single-side base fertilizer export device, etc.

Features of manure fertilizer fermentation pot:
The organic fertilizer fermentation tank saves the floor space and reduces the requirements for the installation of the equipment. The whole equipment structure is divided into three parts, the lower part is distributed with hydraulic station, fan and large thrust hydraulic mixing shaft. The middle part is a double-layer thermal insulation tank, an automatic control system for equipment, a single-side fertilizer exporting device, etc. The inner wall of the tank is lined with 304 stainless steel plate, which prolongs the life of the tank and reduces the residue of compost. Click here to know more about fermentation tank

Advantages of fermenter tank :
The advantages of manure fermentation tank over traditional fermentation methods are that high degree of mechanization, easy operation, automatic temperature control, automatic stirring, automatic discharge, and automatic feeding; wide adaptability, integrated rapid fermentation high temperature aerobic fermentation regardless of the north and south , regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter, it can be fermented and produced all year round.

Fermentation tank usage method:
1. The tower structure is adopted, a batch of manure is put in every day, and a batch of organic fertilizer is produced. The horizontal fermentation tank adopts aerobic fermentation process without adding any auxiliary materials.
2. Fermentation cycle of about 7 days, aerobic fermentation at 60-70 degrees high temperature and constant temperature, continuous fermentation can be achieved by inputting a single strain, and the raw materials of manure with moisture controlled within 70% can be treated. Which is a harmfuless treatment of poultry waste.
3. The moisture content of the produced organic fertilizer is about 30%, the whole process is closed, and the waste gas is deodorized and discharged harmlessly, which reasonably solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by manure.

If you are interested in it, please check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/horizontal-fermentation-tank/ for details

Organic Fertilizer Composting Methods

According to different classification conditions, fertilizer compost is divided into the following 5 categories:
1. According to the oxygen demand of microorganisms, it is divided into aerobic composting and anaerobic composting. Aerobic composting is a biochemical process that relies on the action of obligate and facultative aerobic microorganisms to degrade organic matter, and its decomposition speed is fast and the cycle is short. For this, we can provide you with professional aerobic composting machine. Anaerobic composting is a process in which organic matter is degraded by the action of obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, and its decomposition rate is slow and the fermentation period is long. Most of the currently used composting is aerobic fermentation.

Windrow compost turner for organic waste

2. According to the temperature requirements, it is divided into medium temperature compost and high temperature compost. The fermentation temperature of medium-temperature composting is 14~45℃, which cannot achieve the purpose of harmlessness. At present, this method is rarely used. The fermentation temperature of high-temperature composting is 50-65℃, and the highest is 80-90℃. It is currently the most widely used fermentation method. In-vessel fermentation tank is a typical high remperature composter.

3. According to the form of material movement in the composting process, it is divided into static composting and dynamic composting. After the static compost pile is built, it will not be overturned until the compost is fully decomposed and transported out. Dynamic composting adopts continuous or intermittent feeding or discharging dynamic mechanical composting method, and the fermentation efficiency is high.

4. According to the composting method, it is divided into windrow-type composting and trench-type composting. windrow-type composting is that the materials are piled into strips for fermentation in an open site, and the crawler-type mechanical turning machine is used to turn the pile. The trench-type composting is to put the material into a fixed tank and close it, and turn it over with a top track-type turning machine. Click here for suitable compost machine

Equipment for organic fertilizer composting in groove

5. According to the fermentation process, it is divided into primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. A fermentation starts from the fermentation, goes through a medium temperature period, a high temperature period and then a cooling period. Secondary fermentation is that after primary fermentation, most of the easily degradable organic substances in the compost material have been degraded by microorganisms, but there are still some easily degradable and a large number of refractory organic substances, which need to be further fermented to make them change. It can form relatively stable organic matter such as humic acid and amino acid to reach maturity.

More details on https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/large-scale-composting-equipment/

Technology of Commercial Cow Dung Organic Fertilizer Making

The commercial cow dung organic fertilizer making must comply with commercial sales requirement, and processing cow littler into granular form is the top priority, because the cow dung powder organic fertilizer that has undergone harmless fermentation treatment has a short storage time, is inconvenient for transportation, and has insufficient fertilizer retention time. Therefore, the processing of cow dung organic fertilizer granulation has become an indispensable process. So, how to process cow dungpowdered fertilizer into granular cow dung organic fertilizer?

Naturally, the cow dung organic fertilizer granulator is inseparable. The use of the cow dung organic fertilizer granulator fertilizer technology can realize convenient storage and transportation, and protect the Fat and so on. The fertilizer process making cow dung organic fertilizer pellets by granulator is like this. Click here to know more about cow dung fertilizer processing

The decomposed powdery organic fertilizer raw materials are first mixed, then sent to the silo through the belt conveyor, and then granulated by the cow dung organic fertilizer granulator, and then sent to the dryer for further drying. After drying, it is sent to the screening machine. After coating, the next process is packaging and storage. Explain why coating is needed here? Just like the coated tablets that people eat, it can play a role in maintaining fertilizer and not losing.

Rotary drum granulator for cow dung processing

Therefore, the process flow required for the commercial cow dung organic fertilizer production line is as follows: Turner – Uniform Feeder – Crusher – Mixer – Cow Dung Organic Fertilizer Granulator – Dryer – Drum Sieve – Coating Machine – Automatic Weighing Packing Scale.

The above is the commercial cow dung organic fertilizer making process. In actual operation, the process can be improved according to the requirements of the workshop. More details please check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/fertilizer-drying-machine/

How To Operate BB Fertilizer Production Line Correctly

The BB fertilizer production line is a device that is only used in modern industry. It can efficiently complete the production and processing of BB fertilizer, and can effectively reduce the labor intensity of the staff. We can make BB fertilizer without a lot of tedious operations. The production line automates the work in the shortest possible time.

Of course, we cannot ignore quality while pursuing speed. In order to take into account the quality and production efficiency of fertilizer, we must pay attention to the application of BB fertilizer preparation line, we must understand it enough, and master its related operation process.

Before starting the BB fertilizer production, since the components of the new equipment have not been run-in, the equipment needs to be heated up when starting up, which generally takes 40-50 minutes. First, the temperature of the BB fertilizer production line is raised to the point where the motor V-belt is pulled by hand until it is free, and then the motor is continuously pulled 8-10 times according to the normal working option; then continue to heat up.

After completing the preliminary temperature adjustment of the BB fertilizer manufacturing line, it is necessary to set the temperature range according to the characteristics of the material itself. Therefore, the BB fertilizer production line needs to continue to be heated after starting up, so as to continuously supplement heat for the material and meet the requirements of fertilizer molding.

Granles Mixing Machine in Bulk blending fertilizer production line

When the BB fertilizer production line is in normal working condition, it is necessary to maintain a stable temperature of the machine, not to fluctuate; There is a nice handle to the processing. Click here to know more about bulk blend fertilizer equipment

After the operation is over, cut off the power supply of the main engine of the BB fertilizer production line, and take off the wire plug of the machine head. It will be preheated separately before the next use. In fact, the operation of the BB fertilizer production line as an integrated automation equipment is very simple, as long as you don’t make mistakes

If you are interested in it, please check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/bb-fertilizer-production-line/ to know more